Translating variable area fan nozzle providing an upstream bypass flow exit

ABSTRACT

A variable area fan nozzle assembly for a turbofan engine includes a nacelle having an aft edge and a translating nozzle segment having a forward edge and a first end. The nozzle segment is movably disposed behind the aft edge such that an upstream bypass flow exit is defined between the aft edge and the forward edge when the nozzle segment is in a deployed position. A deflector is disposed between the aft edge and the forward edge proximate to the first end. The deflector substantially prevents bypass flow from exiting the upstream bypass flow exit in a region that is proximate to the first end.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No.12/485,551, filed Jun. 16, 2009, which is a continuation-in-part ofinternational application Serial No. PCT/US08/72448, filed Aug. 7, 2008,which claims the benefit of priority of U.S. Provisional ApplicationSer. No. 60/954,756, filed Aug. 8, 2007, the disclosures of which arehereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention generally relates to gas turbine aircraft engines,and particularly relates to a translating variable area nozzle assemblyfor a turbofan aircraft engine for use in selectively controlling thefan bypass flow exhausted from the engine in order to adjust theengine's performance under varying flight conditions.

BACKGROUND

Typical aircraft turbofan jet engines include a fan that draws anddirects a flow of air into a nacelle and into and around an engine core.The nacelle surrounds the engine core and helps promote the laminar flowof air around the core. The flow of air that is directed into the enginecore is initially passed through a compressor that increases the airflow pressure, and then through a combustor where the air is mixed withfuel and ignited. The combustion of the fuel and air mixture causes aseries of turbine blades at the rear of the engine core to rotate, andto drive the engine's rotor and fan. The high-pressure exhaust gasesfrom the combustion of the fuel and air mixture are thereafter directedthrough an exhaust nozzle at the rear of the engine.

Bypass flow is air that is directed around the engine core. In turbofanengines, the bypass flow typically provides the main thrust for anaircraft. The bypass flow also can be used to help slow a landedaircraft. Thrust reversers mounted in the nacelle structure selectivelyreverse the direction of the bypass flow to generate reverse thrust.During normal engine operation, the bypass flow may or may not be mixedwith the engine core exhaust before exiting the engine assembly.

Several turbofan engine parameters are important to optimize designcharacteristics and performance. An engine's bypass ratio (BPR) is theratio of the air mass that passes through the engine's fan duct to thatpassing through the engine core. Higher BPR engines can be moreefficient and quiet than lower BPR engines. In general, a higher BPRresults in lower average exhaust velocities and less jet noise at aspecific thrust rating. A turbofan engine's performance is also affectedby the engine's fan pressure ratio (FPR). FPR is the ratio of the airpressure at the engine's fan nozzle exit to the pressure of the airentering the fan. The lower the FPR, the lower the exhaust velocity, andthe higher an engine's propulsive efficiency. Reducing an engine's FPRcan reach a practical limit, however, as a low FPR can cause engine fanstall, blade flutter or compressor surge under certain operatingconditions.

One solution to these problems includes varying the fan nozzle exit areaof a high-BPR engine during operation to optimize engine performanceunder various flight conditions. By selectively varying the fan nozzle'sexit area, an engine's bypass flow characteristics can be adjusted tomatch a particular flight condition. Unfortunately, prior variable areanozzle systems typically have been heavy, expensive and somewhat complexin their structure and operation, and generally require the coordinatedmovement of multiple components that employ complex drive mechanisms.

Accordingly, a need exists for a variable area nozzle assembly forturbofan aircraft engine that promotes a cost effective, simple andefficient operation for control of engine output under certain flightconditions.

SUMMARY

In one embodiment, a variable area fan nozzle assembly for a turbofanengine can include a nacelle having an aft edge and a translating nozzlesegment having a forward edge and a first end. The nozzle segment can bemovably disposed behind the aft edge such that an upstream bypass flowexit is defined between the aft edge and the forward edge when thenozzle segment is in a deployed position. A deflector can be disposedbetween the aft edge and the forward edge proximate to the first end.The deflector can substantially prevent bypass flow from exiting theupstream bypass flow exit in a region that is proximate to the firstend.

In another embodiment, a nacelle assembly for a turbofan aircraft enginehaving a centerline can include a forward nacelle portion having anouter fairing and a trailing edge, and a translatable variable area fannozzle including at least one nozzle segment. The nozzle segment caninclude a leading edge and a first end, and can be selectively movablebetween a stowed position and one or more deployed positions. In thedeployed position, an upstream bypass flow exit can be formed betweenthe trailing edge and the leading edge. The nacelle assembly can furtherinclude a split beavertail fairing having an upstream fairing portion onthe outer fairing of the forward nacelle portion and a downstreamfairing portion on the first end of at least one nozzle segment. Whenthe nozzle segment is in its stowed position, the upstream fairingportion and the downstream fairing portion can combine to form asubstantially continuous outer surface extending between the forwardnacelle portion and the nozzle segment. The nacelle assembly can furtherinclude a deflector located proximate to the first end of the nozzlesegment. The deflector can configured to substantially block air flowthat exits the nacelle assembly through the upstream bypass flow exitfrom contacting the associated split beavertail fairing when the nozzlesegment is in the deployed position.

Another embodiment includes a variable area fan nozzle assembly for aturbofan engine assembly having a primary bypass flow exit fordischarging engine bypass flow. The assembly can include a forwardnacelle portion having a trailing edge and a translating nozzle segmenthaving a leading edge and a first end. The assembly also can includesupport means for movably supporting the first end of the translatingnozzle segment such that the nozzle segment is movable between a stowedposition and a deployed position. An upstream bypass flow exit can beformed between the leading edge and the trailing edge when the nozzlesegment is in the deployed position. A fairing can at least partiallycover the support means. The assembly can further include means forsubstantially preventing air from passing through the upstream bypassflow exit in a region proximate to the fairing.

The foregoing and other features, aspects, and advantages of theinvention will be apparent from a reading of the following detaileddescription together with the accompanying drawings, which are brieflydescribed below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

According to common practice, the various features of the drawingsdiscussed below are not necessarily drawn to scale. Dimensions ofvarious features and elements in the drawings may be expanded or reducedto more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an aircraft engine having a cascade-typethrust reverser and a translating variable area fan nozzle assembly.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross section of the aircraft engine shown inFIG. 1,

FIG. 3 is a rear elevation of the aircraft engine shown in FIGS. 1-2.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the thrust reverser and translatingvariable fan area nozzle assembly portions of the aircraft engine shownin FIGS. 1-3 with a thrust reverser sleeve in a stowed position, and avariable area fan nozzle ring in a deployed position.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the thrust reverser and translatingvariable area fan nozzle assembly shown in FIG. 4 with both the thrustreverser sleeve and the variable area fan nozzle ring in deployedpositions.

FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view of the thrust reverser andtranslating variable area fan nozzle assembly shown in FIGS. 4-5.

FIG. 7 is a cross sectional view of a guide structure for movablysupporting a thrust reverser sleeve and a variable area fan nozzle ring.

FIG. 8 is a cross sectional view of the thrust reverser and variablearea nozzle assembly shown in FIGS. 1-6.

FIG. 9A is a perspective view of a variable area fan nozzle assembly foruse with an aircraft engine having no cascade-type thrust reverser witha translating nozzle ring in a stowed position.

FIG. 9B is a perspective view of the variable area fan nozzle assemblyshown in FIG. 9A with the translating nozzle ring in a deployedposition.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a portion of the variable area fannozzle assembly shown in FIGS. 9A-9B with the translating nozzle ring ina deployed position.

FIG. 11 is a side elevation view of a portion of the variable area fannozzle assembly shown in FIGS. 9A-9B with the translating nozzle ring ina deployed position.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a portion of one embodiment of avariable area fan nozzle assembly according to the invention with atranslating ring segment in a stowed position.

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the portion of the variable area fannozzle assembly shown in FIG. 12 with the translating ring segment in adeployed position.

FIG. 14 is an enlarged perspective view of the deployed translating ringsegment shown in FIG. 13.

FIG. 15 is cross section of the variable area fan nozzle assembly shownin FIGS. 12-14 taken along line 15-15 in FIG. 12.

FIG. 16 is cross section of the variable area fan nozzle assembly shownin FIGS. 12-15 taken along line 16-16 in FIG. 14.

FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a portion of another embodiment of avariable area fan nozzle assembly according to the invention with atranslating ring segment in a deployed position.

FIG. 18 is a top plan view of a portion of the variable area fan nozzleassembly shown in FIG. 17 showing translating ring segment in a deployedposition on the left half side of the figure, and showing thetranslating ring segment in a stowed position on the right half side ofthe figure.

FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a portion of an additional embodimentof a variable area fan nozzle assembly according to the invention with atranslating ring segment in a deployed position.

FIG. 20 is a top plan view of a portion of the variable area fan nozzleassembly shown in FIG. 19 showing translating ring segment in a deployedposition on the left half side of the figure, and showing thetranslating ring segment in a stowed position on the right half side ofthe figure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIGS. 1-8 show one embodiment of a translating variable area fan nozzleassembly (VAFN) for a turbofan engine 10.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the engine 10 includes a trailing edge fannozzle assembly 12 having a translating nozzle 50 that can beselectively adjusted, for example, as the engine 10 operates underdifferent flight conditions. As discussed above, such an adjustment canbe used to optimize an engine's performance. As shown in FIG. 2, thetranslating nozzle 50 can be selectively translated (i.e., moved foreand aft) to vary the fan nozzle's exit area “A_(exit)” in order tooptimize engine performance, and as described in detail below, to adjustan amount of engine bypass flow spilled through an upstream exit 60formed by the variable area fan nozzle assembly 12. By bleeding orspilling off excess fan flow through the upstream exit 60 before theexcess air flow reaches the primary fan nozzle exit 52, lower fanpressure ratios for the same amount of delivered mass flow can beobtained, thereby increasing stall margins and avoiding enginemalfunction and shutdown. For purposes of illustration, the variablearea fan nozzle assembly 12 is shown in the context of a turbofan jetaircraft engine 10. The engine 10 can be mounted to a wing or fuselageof an aircraft, for example, by a pylon or other similar support (notshown in the figures).

As shown in FIG. 2, the engine 10 includes an engine core 16 and astationary nacelle 18 surrounding the core 16. The engine core 16 ishoused within a core cowl 19. The engine's fan 20 is positioned withinan upstream portion of the nacelle 18, and includes a plurality of fanblades 22 that are mounted on the engine's rotor (not shown). The fanblades 22 rotate about the engine's centerline C_(L) and draw a flow ofair into an inlet end 26 of the engine 10. An annular bypass duct 24 isdefined between the engine core 16 and the nacelle 18. The air flowdrawn into the engine 10 is accelerated by the rotating fan blades 22,and a portion of the incoming air flow is directed into and through theengine core 16.

Bypass flow enters the upstream end of the nacelle 18 and flows aroundand past the engine core 16. The bypass flow is accelerated by therotating fan blades 22 and passes through the bypass duct 24 and paststators 40, and exits the engine 10 through the variable area fan nozzleassembly 12. The high-pressure heated exhaust gases from the combustionof the fuel and air mixture exit the engine core 16 through a primaryexhaust nozzle 13 at the aft end of the engine 10.

In the engine assembly 10 shown in FIGS. 1-8, the translating nozzle 50is a nozzle-like annular airfoil structure mounted at the trailing endof a cascade-type thrust reverser 80 that circumscribes the engine corecowl 19 immediately aft of the nacelle 18. As shown in FIG. 2, adownstream nozzle exit 52 between the trailing edge of the fan nozzle 50and the core cowl 19 defines a fan nozzle exit area “A_(exit)”. Due tothe longitudinal variations in the diameter of the core cowl 19,selective fore and aft movement of the translating nozzle 50 changes thesize of the fan nozzle exit area A_(exit). As shown in FIG. 1, the fannozzle 50 can include a first arcuate nozzle section 54 and a secondarcuate nozzle section 56, each nozzle section 54, 56 being axiallytranslatable in the direction of the bidirectional arrow 58. Translationof the translating nozzle 50 effects a desired size of the upstream exit60 (shown in FIG. 2), and also varies the outlet geometry and effectiveexit area A_(exit) of the downstream nozzle exit 52. Hence, when thetranslating nozzle 50 is deployed, there is an increase in the bypassflow that is discharged from the engine assembly 10 through both theupstream exit 60 and the enlarged downstream nozzle exit 52. As shown inFIGS. 1-3, the translating nozzle 50 can be selectively translated foreand aft by a plurality of linear nozzle actuators 70, for example.

The cascade-type thrust reverser 80 can be positioned forward of thetranslating nozzle 50 in order to selectively block and redirect bypassflow from the bypass duct 24 in a manner known in the art. In FIG. 1,the thrust reverser 80 and the translating nozzle 50 are both in theirstowed positions. As shown in FIG. 1, the thrust reverser 80 can includea first arcuate sleeve section 82 and an opposed second arcuate sleevesection 84 (shown in FIG. 3). As indicated by bi-directional arrow 86 inFIG. 1, the thrust reverser sleeve sections 82, 84 can be translated inthe fore and aft directions by a plurality of spaced sleeve actuators90. In a stowed position, the thrust reverser sleeve sections 82, 84cover an array of cascade vanes 88. The cascade vanes 88 are indicatedby dashed lead lines in FIG. 1 because they are not visible when thethrust reverser 80 is in its stowed position. Axial translation of thethrust reverser sleeve sections 82, 84 in the aft direction to adeployed position and deployment of a series of blocker doors 134 withinthe bypass duct 24 (as indicated by arrow 136 in FIG. 8) causes bypassair flow to exit the bypass duct 24 through the cascade vanes 88 whichturn the exiting flow in a generally forward direction to create reversethrust.

FIG. 3 is a partial section view of the aft end of the engine 10, andillustrates one arrangement of the nozzle and sleeve actuators 70, 90,respectively, around the periphery of the engine 10. As shown in FIG. 1,and more clearly in FIG. 3, the sleeve half section 82 and the nozzlehalf-section 54 cooperate to generally define an approximately180-degree sector of the combined thrust reverser and translating nozzlestructure. Likewise, sleeve half section 84 and nozzle half section 56cooperate to generally define an opposed approximately 180-degree sectorof the thrust reverser and translating nozzle structure. Together, theseapproximate 180-degree sectors cooperate to define the complete thrustreverser/translating nozzle structure.

As shown in FIGS. 1-3, the thrust reverser sleeve sections 82, 84 caneach be selectively translated in the fore and aft directions by one ormore circumferentially spaced sleeve actuators 90 that are connected tothe nacelle 18. In the embodiment shown, three actuators 90 are used foreach sleeve half-section 82, 84. As discussed above, each section 54, 56of the translating nozzle 50 can be selectively translated by one ormore circumferentially spaced nozzle actuators 70. In the embodimentshown, each nozzle actuator 70 is disposed between a thrust reversersleeve section 82, 84 and a respective fan nozzle section 54, 56. Thesleeve actuators 90 and the nozzle actuators 70 can be electrical,mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, or the like, and can be interconnectedby appropriate power cables and conduits (not shown). The number andarrangement of nozzle and sleeve actuators 70, 90 can vary according tothe thrust reverser and nozzle assembly configurations or other factors.As shown in FIG. 3, the nozzle sections 54, 56 can be movably mounted onthe engine 10 by upper and lower guide structures 102. FIG. 7 shows adetail view of one embodiment of a guide structure 102. As shown inFIGS. 1-3, guide tubes 104 can be mounted to the nacelle 18, and canextend into the nozzle sections 54, 56 to stabilize the nozzle sections54, 56 against undesirable translation and/or vibration. In addition oralternatively, guide tubes can be used to stabilize the thrust reversersleeves 82, 84.

The translating nozzle 50 can be a continuous nozzle (not shown in thefigures), or as shown in FIG. 3, can include two or more arcuate nozzlesections having airfoil profiles. The upstream exit 60 shown in FIG. 2is formed when the translating nozzle 50 is deployed in the aftdirection away from the thrust reverser sleeve sections 82, 84, and canhave the form of a generally circular annular gap. Alternatively, theupstream exit 60 can have other non-circular shapes. The gap 60 betweenthe nozzle sections 54, 56 and the sleeve sections 82, 84 can becontinuous, or can be interrupted at one or more locations, such as, forexample, at points of separation between nozzle segments 54, 56 of thetranslating nozzle 50. As shown in FIGS. 2-3, the bypass duct 24 can beinterrupted at one or more locations by one or more stators 40, or thelike.

The translating nozzle 50 and surrounding structure are described belowwith reference to FIGS. 4-7. In FIGS. 4-7, elements that are obscured orpartially obscured due to intervening elements are indicated by dashedlead lines.

FIG. 4 is a partial view of one embodiment of a mounting structure for afirst nozzle section 54 of the translating nozzle 50 and thecorresponding, adjacent first sleeve section 82 of the thrust reverser80. The second nozzle section 56 of the translating nozzle 50 and thesecond sleeve section 84 of the thrust reverser 80, which are shown inFIGS. 1 and 3, can be mounted in a similar manner (not shown). In FIG.4, the thrust reverser 80 is in a stowed position, and the first sleevesection 84 covers an associated portion of the cascade vanes 88. Also inFIG. 4, the translating nozzle 50 is in an open or deployed position,and the upstream exit 60 is disposed between the first nozzle section 54and the first sleeve section 84. Rearward axial translation of the firstnozzle section 54 from its stowed position to its deployed position isindicated in FIGS. 4-5 by directional arrow “X”. As shown in FIG. 4, thenozzle actuators 70 can extend from the sleeve section 82 and across theupstream exit 60, and can connect to a forward portion of the nozzlesection 54. The guide tubes 104 can also extend from the sleeve section82 and across the upstream exit 60, and can connect to a forward portionof the nozzle section 54. A sleeve actuation cable 96 can interconnecttwo or more of the sleeve actuators 90 to power the actuators 90, and/orto synchronize actuation of two or more actuators 90.

FIG. 5 shows the first thrust reverser sleeve section 82 and the firsttranslating nozzle section 54 in their deployed positions. Rearwardaxial translation of the first sleeve section 82 from its stowedposition (as shown in FIG. 4) to its deployed position (as shown in FIG.5) is indicated in FIG. 5 by directional arrow “Y”. Rearward translationof the sleeve section 82 exposes the cascade vanes 88 during operationof the thrust reverser 80.

FIG. 6 is an exploded view showing the first sleeve section 82 and itscorresponding first nozzle section 54 separated from the cascades 88 andsleeve actuators 90. As shown in FIG. 6, one or more nozzle actuators 70can movably connect the nozzle section 54 to the thrust reverser sleevesection 82.

FIG. 7 shows one embodiment of the upper or lower guide structures 102for movably connecting a thrust reverser segment 82 and a nozzle section54 to an engine 10. Referring generally to FIGS. 3 and 6 andparticularly to FIG. 7, the guide structure 102 can include a beam 106that can be fixedly attached to a transverse bulkhead 110 on an aft endof a nacelle 18. The beam 106 can include one or more longitudinallyextending guide tracks 108. A slide 103 can include one or morelongitudinally extending track bars 114 that are slidably receivedwithin the guide tracks 108 of the fixed beam 106. The slide 103 isconnected to the thrust reverser sleeve section 82, and thereby slidablyconnects the sleeve section to the beam 106. The slide 103 can alsoinclude an axially extending track guide 116 in which a translatingnozzle track bar 120 on the nozzle section 54 is slidably received, thusslidably connecting the nozzle section 54 to the nacelle 18.Accordingly, the nozzle section 54 can axially translate as the trackbar 120 slides within the track guide 116. The nozzle section 54 isthereby slidably mounted with respect to the sleeve section 82 of thethrust reverser 80. The translating sleeve section 82 and the track bar120 can be actuated through conventional actuation means, such asmechanical, electric, hydraulic or pneumatic or other equivalentactuators, for example.

FIG. 8 illustrates one method of operating the nozzle section 54 tobleed or spill off excess bypass flow through the upstream exit 60. Asdescribed above, the sizes of the upstream exit 60 and the nozzle exitarea A_(exit) can be varied in order to achieve different engineoperating conditions. The upstream exit 60 acts as a “bleed” exit thatdiverts at least some bypass flow from the bypass duct 24. FIG. 8 showsa partial section of a downstream portion of the nozzle assembly 12, andshows a portion of the bypass air flow (indicated by curved arrows)exiting the bypass duct 24 through the annular upstream exit 60 in onemode of operation of the nozzle assembly 12. In FIG. 8, the first nozzlesection 54 of the translating nozzle 50 is rearwardly displaced from thefirst thrust reverser sleeve section 82 by its associated nozzleactuators 70. The second nozzle section 56 can be similarly andsimultaneously rearwardly displaced from the second thrust reversersleeve section 84 by its associated nozzle actuators 70. As shown inFIG. 8, the thrust reverser 80 can include a plurality of blocker doors134 that are pivotally connected to the first sleeve section 82 andswing in the direction of the curved arrow 136 to selectively block andredirect the bypass flow from the bypass duct 24 and through the cascadevanes 88 during thrust reverser operation.

Still referring to FIG. 8, a high pressure seal 130 can be disposedbetween the thrust reverser sleeve section 82 and the first nozzlesection 54, such as on the trailing edge of the sleeve section 82, forexample. In certain modes of operation, when the sleeve section 82 andnozzle section 54 are drawn together, the seal 130 can operate tosubstantially seal any gap between the adjacent sleeve section 82 andnozzle section 54, and thereby substantially prevent bypass air flowfrom passing between the sleeve section 82 and nozzle section 54.Similarly, a seal 130 can be disposed between the second thrust reversersleeve section 84 and the second nozzle section 56. Alternatively, theseal 130 can be mounted on the leading edges of the nozzle sections 54,56, for example.

As discussed above, the nozzle and sleeve actuators 90, 70 can bemechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic or electric actuators, for example. Inone embodiment, the nozzle actuator 70 is a constant opening air springdamper with hydraulic closing override, and the sleeve actuator 90 is anelectric actuator. Alternatively or in addition, one or more of theactuators 70, 90 can be like an actuator described in U.S. Pat. No.7,174,828 or in U.S. Pat. Application Publication No. 2008/0084130A1,both assigned to Goodrich Actuation Systems Ltd., for example, thedisclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

FIGS. 9A-11 show a variable area nozzle assembly 212 for a turbofanengine having no cascade-type thrust reverser. The nozzle assembly 212can be mounted to a nacelle 18 as generally illustrated in FIG. 1, butwith no intervening thrust reverser. Generally, elements shown in FIG.9A-11 that are analogous to elements shown in FIGS. 1-8 have similarreference numerals preceded by a “2” or “3.”

FIGS. 9A and 9B are partial cutaway illustrations of a variable areanozzle assembly 212. In the cutaway illustrations, a transverse bulkhead310 and an outer duct structural liner 214 of an associated stationarynacelle are visible. The nozzle assembly 212 includes a translatingnozzle assembly that includes two opposed nozzle sections, of which onenozzle section 254 is shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B. In FIG. 9A, the nozzlesection 254 is in a closed or stowed position, and in FIG. 9B, thenozzle section 254 is in an open or deployed position.

The nozzle section 254 is mounted on the aft end of a stationary nacellestructure, such as to a transverse bulkhead 310. Peripherally spacednozzle actuators 270 can be attached to the bulkhead 310 at one end, andattached to a nozzle section 254 at their opposite ends. Guide tubes 304can also be attached to the bulkhead 310 at one end, and attached to anozzle section 254 at their opposite ends. The nozzle actuators 270 canact in unison to translate the nozzle section 254 in the direction ofthe bidirectional arrow 258. Referring to FIG. 9B, actuator shafts 272of the nozzle actuators 270 can pass through an outer fairing 320located forward of the nozzle section 254. Upstream fairing 324 can beprovided at the points where the actuator shafts 272 pass through theouter fairing 320 in order to reduce drag induced by the actuators 270.Similarly, downstream fairing 328 can be provided at the points wherethe actuator shafts 272 pass through the nozzle section 254.

As shown in FIG. 10, each end of each nozzle section 254 can terminateat a split beavertail fairing 330. As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, each endof an outer fairing 320 of a nacelle can include an upstream portion 332of a split beavertail fairing 330, and each end of a translating nozzlesection 254 can include a downstream portion 334 of the split beavertailfairing 330. Rearward translation of the nozzle section 254 creates anupstream exit 260 between the nozzle section 254 and a trailing edge ofthe outer fairing 320, and separates the upstream portion 332 and thedownstream portion 334 of the split beavertail fairing 330, thus formingan elongated gap 331. As shown in FIG. 11, a forward edge 255 of thenozzle section 254 can include an aerodynamic profile such as a bullnoseprofile or a teardrop profile, for example, to facilitate smooth airflow through the upstream exit 260, and to minimize flow disruptioncaused by the actuator shafts 272, or the like. FIGS. 12-20 show variousembodiments of nacelles with a translating variable area fan nozzleassemblies that are configured to substantially reduce such noise andenhance engine performance.

FIGS. 12-16 show portions of a translating variable area nozzle assembly412 mounted aft of a trailing edge 415 of a nacelle portion 426. Thenacelle portion 426 can be either a stationary forward nacelle cowl ofan engine without a cascade-type thrust reverser (like that shown inFIGS. 9A-9B, for example), or a movable thrust reverser sleeve section(like that shown in FIG. 1, for example). A split beavertail fairing 462includes an upstream fairing portion 468 on an end of a forward nacelleportion/thrust reverser sleeve section 426, and a downstream fairingportion 470 on an end of a nozzle segment 420. As shown in FIG. 12, whenthe translating nozzle segment 420 is in a stowed position, the upstreamfairing portion 468 and the downstream fairing portion 470 combine toform a substantially continuous and substantially smooth contoured outersurface. As discussed above, the beavertail fairing 462 covers thesupport and guide mechanism 440 that movably attaches the nozzle segment420 to a nacelle. As shown in FIG. 14, the beavertail fairing 462 alsocan cover an actuator 444 mounted adjacent to the guide mechanism 440,or other adjacent components.

As shown in FIG. 12, a projection 482 rearwardly extends from thetrailing edge 415 of the nacelle portion 426, and is positioned adjacentto the upstream fairing portion 468. The projection 482 can include anedge 486 that aftwardly extends from the trailing edge 415 of thenacelle portion 426 toward an edge of the upstream fairing portion 468.The edge 486 can be a curved edge as shown in the figures, an obliquestraight edge, or can any other shape or profile. When the nozzlesegment 420 is in the stowed position shown in FIG. 12 and FIG. 15, theprojection 482 can at least partially overlap an upper surface of thenozzle segment 420 to form a substantially continuous and substantiallysmooth exterior surface. As shown in FIGS. 13-16, the upstreambeavertail fairing portion 468 and the projection 482 can be configuredto abut and slide over a substantially flat opposed surface 480 on thenozzle segment 420. Any gap between the forward beavertail fairingportion 468 and the surface 480 and between the projection 482 and thesurface 480 can be minimized such that substantially no exiting bypassflow passes through such gap when the nozzle segment 420 is deployed.

The nozzle segment 420 is shown in a deployed position in FIGS. 13, 14and 16. In the deployed position, an upstream bypass flow exit 422 isformed between the trailing edge 415 of the nacelle portion 426 and aleading edge 423 of the nozzle segment 420. The end of the upstreambypass flow exit 422 is bounded by the edge 486 of the projection 482.The projection 482 serves to divert or deflect exiting bypass flow awayfrom the beavertail split fairing 462 and away from components andstructures that are covered by the fairing 462. Accordingly, theprojection 482 substantially prevents discharged bypass flow frompassing through and around the split beavertail fairing 462 as bypassflow is discharged through the upstream exit 422. As a result, noise anddrag associated with discharged bypass flow in the proximity of thebeavertail fairing 462 can be minimized, and engine performance can beenhanced. A projection 482 can be provided proximate to each end of eachtranslating nozzle segment of the translating variable area nozzleassembly 412.

As shown in FIG. 14, the forward beavertail fairing portion 468 cancover portions of the guide structure 440 and an actuator 444 mountedadjacent to the guide structure 440, thereby shielding these componentsfrom external air flow when the nozzle segment 420 is in the stowed ordeployed position. FIG. 15 shows the relationship of the nacelle portion426, the forward beavertail fairing portion 468, the nozzle segment 420,and the aft beavertail fairing portion 470 when the nozzle segment 420is in a stowed position. In this position, at least portions of theprojection 482 and the forward beavertail fairing portion 468 overlapthe surface 480 on the nozzle segment 420. In the stowed position shownin FIG. 15, the nacelle portion 426 and the nozzle segment 420 surroundthe core cowl 490, and form the bypass flow duct 424 therebetween. InFIG. 16, the nozzle segment 420 is shown in a deployed position, and thepreviously stowed position of the nozzle segment 420 is indicated by adashed line. As shown in FIG. 16, at least a portion of the projection482 can overlap the surface 480 on the nozzle segment 420 when thenozzle segment 420 is in the deployed position. The upstream exit 422shown in FIGS. 13 and 14 is not visible in the cross sectional viewshown in FIG. 16.

Another embodiment of a variable area nozzle assembly 512 is shown inFIGS. 17-18. Again, the nozzle assembly 512 includes at least onetranslating nozzle segment 520, and can be mounted aft of a nacelleportion 526 which can be either a thrust reverser sleeve or a stationaryforward nacelle portion (as generally illustrated in FIG. 1 and FIGS. 9Aand 9B, respectively). As shown in FIG. 18, the variable area nozzleassembly 512 can include a first nozzle segment 520 and an opposedsecond nozzle segment 590, and the second nozzle segment 590 can be amirror image of the first nozzle segment 520. Though the first andsecond nozzle segments 520, 590 are normally both stowed or bothdeployed at any one time, in FIG. 18, the first nozzle segment 520 isshown in a deployed position on the left half side of the drawing, andthe second nozzle segment 590 is shown in a stowed position on the righthalf side of the drawing for purposes of illustration only.

In the deployed position shown in FIG. 17 and on the left half side ofFIG. 18, an upstream bypass flow exit 522 is formed between a leadingedge 523 of the first nozzle segment 520 and an opposed trailing edge527 of the nacelle portion 526. A split beavertail fairing 550 can belocated at each end of the first translating nozzle segment 520 (onlyone end of the first translating nozzle segment 520 is shown in FIGS.17-18). The split fairing 550 can include an upstream fairing portion554 on the nacelle portion 526, and a downstream fairing portion 558 onthe translating nozzle segment 520. Fore and aft translation of thetranslating nozzle segment 520 respectively closes and opens theupstream bypass flow exit 522. A second translating nozzle segment 590is shown in a closed or stowed position on the right half side of FIG.18, wherein a forward edge of the second nozzle segment 590 is proximateto a trailing edge of an adjacent nacelle portion 596.

As shown in FIGS. 17-18, the nacelle portion 526 can include a deflector562 that rearwardly extends from its trailing edge 527. As shown in FIG.17, the corresponding translating nozzle segment 520 can include anopposed void 566, such as a slot, a pocket, a recess, or the like forreceiving portions of the deflector 562 as the translating nozzlesegment 520 moves between its stowed and deployed positions. The void566 can be sufficiently deep to receive the entire deflector 562 whenthe translating nozzle segment 520 is in its stowed position. Forexample, as shown on the right half side of FIG. 18, aft portions of asecond deflector 592 are received in an aligned void 594 in the secondtranslating nozzle segment 590 when the second nozzle segment 590 is inits stowed position.

As shown in FIG. 17, the deflector 562 occupies an area that otherwisewould comprise an end portion of the upstream bypass flow exit 522 ifthe deflector 562 was absent. The deflector 562 substantially preventsdischarged bypass flow from flowing through and around the splitbeavertail fairing 562 as the air is discharged from the upstream exit522. As a result, noise and drag associated with discharged bypass flowin the proximity of the beavertail fairing 562 can be minimized, andengine performance can be enhanced. Deflector 562, 592 can be providedon both ends of both translating nozzle segments 520, 590.

Another embodiment of a variable area nozzle assembly 612 is shown inFIGS. 19-20. This nozzle assembly 612 can be substantially similar tothe nozzle assembly 512 discussed above and shown in FIGS. 17-18, exceptas described below.

As shown in FIG. 19, a translating nozzle segment 620 is movablydisposed behind a trailing edge of a nacelle portion 626, andselectively opens and closes an upstream bypass flow exit 622. A splitbeavertail fairing 650 includes an upstream fairing portion 654 and adownstream fairing portion 658 disposed on respective opposed sides ofthe upstream exit 622. As shown in FIG. 20, the variable area nozzleassembly 612 can also include a second translating nozzle segment 690(shown in a stowed position). In this embodiment, deflectors 662, 692forwardly extend from the leading edges of the respective translatingnozzle segments 620, 690. As shown in FIG. 19, opposing slots, pocketsor recesses 666, 694 can be formed in the trailing edges of the thrustreverser sleeve/stationary forward nacelle portions 626, 696 to receiveat least a portion of a respective deflector 662, 692 when thetranslating nozzle segments 620, 690 are in their deployed positions. Asshown on the right half side of FIG. 20, a slot, pocket or recess 694can receive all or substantially all of a corresponding deflector 692when the translating nozzle segment 690 is in its stowed position. Likethe rearwardly extending deflectors 562, 592 described above, theforwardly extending deflectors 662, 692 substantially prevent bypassflow from exiting the upstream exit 622 in the vicinity of the splitbeavertail fairings 650 and other adjacent structures, and therebyminimize noise and drag associated with discharged bypass flow in thisregion.

Persons of ordinary skill in the art will understand that while theinvention has been described in terms of various embodiments and variousaspects and features, certain modifications, variations, changes andadditions can be made to the described embodiments without departingfrom the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, a deflectorcould be attached to another adjacent structure, such as to a stationaryportion of a guide mechanism or other support member at a locationforward of a translating nozzle section. Such a stationary deflectorcould be configured to block the exit of bypass flow proximate to an endof a translating nozzle segment like the deflectors 562, 592, 662, 692described above, and could be received within a slot, pocket or recessof a leading edge of a corresponding translating nozzle segment when thenozzle segment is in a stowed position. All such modifications,variations, changes and additions are intended to be within the scope ofthe appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A variable area fan nozzle assembly for aturbofan engine, the assembly comprising: (a) a nacelle having an aftedge; (b) a translating nozzle segment having a forward edge and a firstend, the nozzle segment being movably disposed behind the aft edge,wherein an upstream bypass flow exit is defined between the aft edge andthe forward edge when the nozzle segment is in a deployed position; (c)a deflector disposed between the aft edge and the forward edge proximateto the first end, wherein the deflector substantially prevents bypassflow from exiting the upstream bypass flow exit in a region that isproximate to the first end, wherein at least a portion of the deflectoris received in a void in one of the nozzle segment and the nacelle, whenthe nozzle segment is in the stowed position, wherein at least a portionof the deflector overlaps a portion of the nacelle when the nozzlesegment is in a fully deployed position, the overlapping portion of thedeflector located between the portion of the nacelle and a centerline ofthe variable area fan nozzle assembly.
 2. A variable area fan nozzleassembly according to claim 1, wherein the aft edge comprises an edge ofa stationary forward nacelle portion.
 3. A variable area fan nozzleassembly according to claim 1, wherein the aft edge comprises an edge ofa translatable thrust reverser sleeve.
 4. A variable area fan nozzleassembly according to claim 1, wherein the deflector is affixed to thenacelle and rearwardly extends from the aft edge, and the deflector isreceived in a void in the nozzle segment.
 5. A variable area fan nozzleassembly according to claim 1, wherein the deflector is affixed to thenozzle segment and forwardly extends from the forward edge, and thedeflector is received in a void in the nacelle.
 6. A nacelle assemblyfor a turbofan aircraft engine having a centerline, the nacellecomprising: (a) a forward nacelle portion having an outer fairing and atrailing edge; (b) a translatable variable area fan nozzle comprising atleast one nozzle segment, the nozzle segment having a leading edge and afirst end and being selectively movable between a stowed position andone or more deployed positions, wherein in the deployed position, anupstream bypass flow exit is formed between the trailing edge and theleading edge; (c) a split beavertail fairing comprising an upstreamfairing portion on the outer fairing of the forward nacelle portion anda downstream fairing portion on the first end of at least one nozzlesegment, wherein when the nozzle segment is in the stowed position, theupstream fairing portion and the downstream fairing portion combine toform a substantially continuous outer surface extending between theforward nacelle portion and the at least one nozzle segment; and (d) adeflector located proximate to the first end of the at least one nozzlesegment and adjacent the split beavertail fairing, wherein the deflectoris configured to substantially block air flow that exits the nacelleassembly through the upstream bypass flow exit from contacting the splitbeavertail fairing when the nozzle segment is in the deployed position,wherein at least a portion of the deflector is received in a void in oneof the at least one nozzle segment and the forward nacelle portion, whenthe nozzle segment is in the stowed position, wherein at least a portionof the deflector overlaps a portion of the forward nacelle portion whenthe nozzle segment is in a fully deployed position, the overlappingportion of the deflector located between the portion of the forwardnacelle portion and the centerline.
 7. A nacelle assembly according toclaim 6, wherein the forward nacelle portion is a stationary forwardcowl.
 8. A nacelle assembly according to claim 6, wherein the forwardnacelle portion is a translatable thrust reverser sleeve.
 9. A nacelleassembly according to claim 6, wherein the deflector is affixed to theforward nacelle portion and rearwardly extends from the trailing edge,and the deflector is received in a void in the at least one nozzlesegment.
 10. A nacelle assembly according to claim 6, wherein thedeflector is affixed to the at least one nozzle segment and forwardlyextends from the leading edge, and the deflector is received in a voidin the forward nacelle portion.
 11. A nacelle assembly according toclaim 6, wherein a gap is formed between the upstream fairing portionand the downstream fairing portion when the nozzle segment is in the oneor more deployed positions, and wherein the deflector is configured tosubstantially block air flow that exits the nacelle assembly through theupstream bypass flow exit from passing through the gap when the nozzlesegment is in the one or more deployed positions.
 12. A variable areafan nozzle assembly for a turbofan engine assembly having a primarybypass flow exit for discharging engine bypass flow, the assemblycomprising: (a) a forward nacelle portion having a trailing edge; (b) atranslating nozzle segment having a leading edge and a first end; (c) aguide mechanism for movably supporting the first end of the translatingnozzle segment such that the nozzle segment is movable between a stowedposition and a deployed position, wherein an upstream bypass flow exitis formed between the leading edge and the trailing edge when the nozzlesegment is in the deployed position; (d) a fairing at least partiallycovering the guide mechanism; and (e) a deflector for substantiallypreventing air from passing through the upstream bypass flow exit in aregion proximate to the fairing, at least a portion of the deflector isreceived in a void in one of the forward nacelle portion and the atleast one nozzle segment, when the nozzle segment is in the stowedposition, wherein at least a portion of the deflector overlaps a portionof the forward nacelle portion when the nozzle segment is in a fullydeployed position, the overlapping portion of the deflector locatedbetween the portion of the forward nacelle portion and a centerline ofthe variable area fan nozzle assembly.
 13. A variable area fan nozzleassembly according to claim 12, wherein the deflector is attached to theforward nacelle portion and rearwardly extending from the trailing edge.14. A variable area fan nozzle assembly according to claim 12, whereinthe deflector is attached to the translating nozzle segment andforwardly extending from the leading edge.